Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the end of the Earth question answer

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Journey to the end of the Earth Read and Find Out question answer

Question 1: How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

Answer 1: The geological phenomenon of separating various continents and water bodies from one compact landmass tells us about the age of existence of human race on the earth. Six hundred and fifty million years ago, no human race existed on the earth because the environment was not favourable. After the time when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the Mammals started existing and after the separation of landmass, the human race started flourishing on the earth.

Question 2: What are the indications for the future of humankind?

Answer 2: All thoughtless activities of humankind such as increasing cities and megacities, cutting forests and turning those to concrete jungles, careless burning of fossil fuel, depleting ozone and increasing carbon dioxide, and global warming, melting ice caps and shields, our battle with other species for limited resources and other similar reckless activities point to a grim future for humankind. If concrete steps are not taken immediately, these drastic changes may lead to the end of the world.

Journey to the end of the Earth Reading with Insight question answer

Question 1: ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us?

Answer 1: The study of Antarctica is immensely useful as it holds invaluable information about the Earth’s geological history. Antarctica was once part of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana, which existed around 650 million years ago. This landmass was rich in diverse flora and fauna when the climate was warmer. Its history reveals the transformation of the Earth over millions of years, including the disintegration of Gondwana, the extinction of dinosaurs, and the emergence of mammals. These processes led to the formation of present-day continents and mountains like the Himalayas.

Antarctica’s ice holds half-million-year-old carbon records, providing insights into the Earth’s climatic changes over time. Additionally, it helps scientists study geological phenomena such as the significance of cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields, as well as the evolution and extinction of species. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the Earth’s past, analyzing present conditions, and predicting future changes, making Antarctica a key to unlocking the planet’s geological and environmental history.

Question 2: What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Answer 2: Geoff Green took the high school students to one end of the world to give them a chance to develop respect and knowledge for the earth. He included high school students in the ice expedition because with students on the ice expedition, he offered future policymakers to experience how difficult it would have been for the earth to sustain life by raising its warmth. At a young age, when the process of good values develops in their life, it will also assist them in knowing more about their planet.

Question 3: ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Answer 3: This statement means that if small things are taken care of, big things will take their own care. There are tall grasses, called phytoplankton, in the southern oceans that use the sun’s energy to assimilate carbon and synthesize organic compounds by photosynthesis. Marine life and birds in the region sustain themselves on these tall grasses. Any disturbance in the environment in Antarctica might affect the activities of the phytoplankton, which, in turn, might affect the existence of the other life forms that depend on them. Small things like the phytoplankton are important in the food chain.

Question 4: Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?

Answer 4: Antarctica gives us an idea, how the earth would have been like millions of years ago and how it got divided into various earth masses. The melting and colliding ice masses also give us an insight into how our future is going to be, if we continue with interference in the working of the nature. Moreover, Antarctica holds into the depths of its ice half-million year old carbon records, which are helpful in understanding the past, present and future of the earth. Therefore, Antarctica is the place which reveals our past, shows our present and visualizes our future.