Class 12 Geography chapter 8 ncert solutions: International Trade class 12 question answer
| Textbook | Ncert |
| Class | Class 12 |
| Subject | Geography |
| Chapter | Chapter 8 |
| Chapter Name | International Trade ncert solutions |
| Category | Ncert Solutions |
| Medium | English |
Are you looking for class 12 geography chapter 8 question answer? Now you can download International Trade question answer pdf from here.
Question 1: Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.
Question 1.(i): Trade between two countries is termed as
(a) Internal trade
(b) External trade
(c) International trade
(d) Local trade
Answer 1.(i): (c) International trade
Question 1.(ii): Which one of the following is a land locked harbour?
(a) Vishakhapatnam
(b) Mumbai
(c) Ennore
(d) Haldia
Answer 1.(ii): (a) Vishakhapatnam
Question 1.(iii): Most of India’s foreign trade is carried through
(a) Land and sea
(b) Land and air
(c) Sea and air
(d) Sea
Answer 1.(iii): (c) Sea and air
Question 2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Question 2.(i): Mention the characteristics of India’s foreign trade.
Answer 2.(i): The nature of India’s foreign trade has changed over the years. Though there has been an increase in the total volume of import and export, the value of import continued to be higher than that of exports. There has also been an increase in trade deficit over the last couple of years.
This increase in deficit is attributed to the price rise of crude petroleum, which forms a major component of India’s international trade. The share of primary products has decreased in the total export of India, whereas share of petroleum products has increased, share of manufactured products has remained constant over the years.
Question 2.(ii): Distinguish between port and harbour.
Answer 2.(ii):
| Aspect | Port | Harbour |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A port is a location where ships dock to load and unload goods or passengers. | A harbour is a natural or artificial area of water where ships can safely anchor. |
| Function | Ports facilitate commercial activities, including cargo handling, passenger services, and customs clearance. | Harbours provide shelter to ships and boats, protecting them from rough weather and allowing for docking. |
| Size | Ports are generally larger and more developed to accommodate ships, warehouses, and services. | Harbours can vary in size, and they are primarily designed for sheltering ships. |
| Infrastructure | Ports have extensive infrastructure, such as cranes, warehouses, docks, and transportation connections. | Harbours may have minimal infrastructure and mainly provide safe docking areas. |
| Usage | Ports are used for trade, transportation, and logistics. | Harbours are used primarily for protection and docking. |
| Location | Ports can be found in both harbours and open sea coasts. | Harbours are typically natural or man-made sheltered bays or inlets along coastlines. |
| Examples | Port of Singapore, Port of Rotterdam. | Sydney Harbour, Tokyo Harbour. |
Question 2.(iii): Explain the meaning of hinterland.
Answer 2.(iii): Hinterland is an area which is connected with the port that serves both for imports and for exports. It is a region lying inland from a coast or river.
Question 2.(iv): Name important items which India imports from different countries.
Answer 2.(iv): Petroleum and petroleum products are the major imports of India. Other imports include machinery, Non-metallic minerals, pearls and valuable gems, non-ferrous metals, pulp, paper, edible oil, fertilisers, etc.
Question 2.(v): Name the ports of India located on the east coast.
Answer 2.(v): The ports of India located on the east coast are:
- Kolkata Port (West Bengal)
- Haldia Port (West Bengal)
- Paradip Port (Odisha)
- Visakhapatnam Port (Andhra Pradesh)
- Chennai Port (Tamil Nadu)
- Ennore Port (Tamil Nadu)
- Tuticorin Port (Tamil Nadu)
- Port Blair (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
Question 3: Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
Question 3.(i): Describe the composition of export and import trade of India.
Answer 3.(i): India’s export and import trade is a vital part of its economy, reflecting the country’s diverse industrial base and its global trade relationships.
Exports
India’s export trade is diverse, with key sectors including petroleum products, gems and jewelry, machinery and equipment, pharmaceuticals, textiles, agricultural products, and chemicals. The largest share of exports comes from petroleum products, which are refined and processed in India’s refineries and exported to countries like the United States, UAE, and Singapore.
Gems and jewelry are another significant export, with India being one of the world’s largest exporters of diamonds and gold jewelry, especially to the United States, Hong Kong, and the Middle East. Pharmaceuticals have also become an important export, with India being known as the “pharmacy of the world,” supplying generic drugs to markets in Africa, Europe, and the United States.
Textiles and garments, including cotton and ready-made garments, contribute significantly to India’s export earnings, with major markets in the United States, European Union, and the Middle East.
Imports
India’s import trade is dominated by crude oil, which is the largest item in the country’s import bill. India imports crude oil mainly from countries like Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and the UAE to meet its domestic energy needs. Gold and precious stones also form a significant portion of imports, as India has a high demand for jewelry and other precious items, particularly from Switzerland, UAE, and Hong Kong.
Electronics and machinery are another large category, with products such as mobile phones, computers, and electrical machinery being imported primarily from China, South Korea, and Japan. Additionally, chemicals, fertilizers, and coal are imported to support India’s industrial and agricultural sectors, with key suppliers being countries like China, the United States, and Indonesia.
Question 3.(ii): Write a note on the changing nature of the international trade of India.
Answer 3.(ii): The composition of commodities in India’s international trade has been undergoing change over years.
- Share of Gems pearls and ornaments in exports has increased.
- The share of agriculture and allied products have declined whereas shares of petroleum and crude products and other commodities have increased.
- The shares of ore minerals and manufactured goods have largely remained constant
- The imports of Petroleum products is increasing.
- There is a decline in the export of traditional items, such as coffee, cashew, etc., though an increase has been registered in floricultural products, fresh fruits, marine products and sugar, etc.
- The share of manufactured goods has increased in exports.
- The export of engineering goods has increased.