Class 8 History Chapter 1 question answer How When and Where

How When and Where Class 8 question answer: History class 8 chapter 1 question answer

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Question 1: State whether true or false:
(a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim, Christian.
(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think.
(c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.

Answer 1: (a) False
(b) False
(c) True

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Question 2: What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers?

Answer 2: James Mill divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British. This periodisation has its own problem. It is difficult to refer to any period of history as ‘Hindu’ or ‘Muslim’ because a variety of faiths existed simultaneously in these periods. It is also not justified to characterise an age through the religion of the rulers of the time. What it suggests is that the lives and practices of others do not really matter. It is worth-mentioning that even rulers in ancient India did not all share the same faith.

Question 3: Why did the British preserve official documents?

Answer 3: The British preserved official documents because they thought if they wrote and recorded everything, it would later be easier for them to study them and debate. They kept official records of what they thought was right so that in the future, those records could serve as proof of all the decisions that they had taken.

Question 4: How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?

Answer 4: Historians derive distinct types of information from old newspapers and police reports due to the differing purposes and perspectives of these sources. Old newspapers often provide a broader societal context, reflecting public opinion, cultural norms, and political climates of the time. They may include editorials, advertisements, and eyewitness accounts, offering insights into how events were perceived by the general public.

Actually, the police reports are made according to the policies of the government. They will never tell the historians about the atrocities committed by the government on the people. In contrast, police reports are typically more focused and factual, detailing specific incidents, crimes, or investigations from an official standpoint. They provide precise data, such as names, dates, and locations, but may lack the broader societal or emotional context found in newspapers. Thus, while newspapers offer a wider lens on historical events, police reports provide more granular, official records.

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Question 5: Can you think of examples of surveys in your world today? Think about how toy companies get information about what young people enjoy playing with or how the government finds out about the number of young people in school. What can a historian derive from such surveys?

Answer 5: Surveys are everywhere today, and they offer a wealth of information for historians. For example:

• Toy Companies: They conduct surveys and focus groups to find out which toys, themes, and characters appeal to young people. This data reflects current trends in children’s interests, technology use (like digital games versus traditional toys), and even broader cultural influences (such as popular movies or TV shows).
• Government Surveys: Governments regularly collect data on school enrollments, attendance, and demographics. This information helps shape educational policies and can reveal trends like population growth, migration patterns, or shifts in socio-economic status.

What can historians derive from such surveys?

1. Cultural Trends: By examining toy surveys, historians can trace changes in popular culture, societal values, and what kinds of play or learning are emphasized over time.
2. Economic and Social Insights: Enrollment surveys can indicate broader socio-economic conditions—such as changes in family size, urbanization, or the impact of economic policies on education access.
3. Policy and Governance: Government surveys provide context for how and why certain policies were enacted, offering a snapshot of public priorities and governmental responses at different times.
4. Demographic Shifts: Surveys often highlight trends in age, ethnicity, and other demographic factors, helping historians understand population dynamics and social changes over time.