When people revolt 1857 and after question answer: History class 8 chapter 5 question answer
| Textbook | Ncert |
| Class | Class 8 |
| Subject | History |
| Chapter | Chapter 5 |
| Chapter Name | When People Revolt ncert solutions |
| Category | Ncert Solutions |
| Medium | English |
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Question 1: What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?
Answer 1: Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi demanded that her adopted son, Damodar Rao, be recognized as the legitimate heir to the throne of Jhansi after the death of her husband. The British refused this demand under the Doctrine of Lapse, annexing Jhansi in 1854.
Question 2: What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?
Answer 2: The British passed a law in 1850 that allowed Indians who converted to Christianity to inherit their ancestral property, aiming to protect the interests of converts. This move, along with other policies, led many Indians to believe that the British were undermining their religion, social customs, and traditional way of life.
Question 3: What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use?
Answer 3: The new cartridges were unacceptable to the Indian sepoys, as they held the belief that these had been coated by the fat of cows and pigs. The sepoys had to bite the cartridges to load them. But their religion did not allow them even to touch these cartridges. Hence, they refused to use the new cartridges.
Question 4: How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?
Answer 4: The last Mughal emperor lived a very pathetic life during the last years of his life. He was tried in court and sentenced to life imprisonment. He and his wife were sent to prison in Rangoon. He died there after four years.
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Question 5: What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857?
Answer 5: The confidence of the British rulers in their position in India before May 1857 stemmed from several factors:
- Military Strength: The British had a well-trained and disciplined army, including Indian sepoys, which they believed was loyal and superior to any local forces.
- Political Control: They had established dominance over most of India through treaties, alliances, and annexations, using policies like the Doctrine of Lapse.
- Technological and Economic Superiority: The British had advanced technology, infrastructure, and economic resources, which they believed gave them an edge over Indian rulers.
- Divide and Rule: They exploited divisions among Indian rulers, communities, and regions, preventing unified opposition.
- Perceived Loyalty of Sepoys: The British assumed the sepoys (Indian soldiers in their army) would remain loyal due to their dependence on British employment and discipline.
- Cultural Arrogance: Many British officials believed in their racial and cultural superiority, underestimating the potential for widespread rebellion.
Question 6: What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion have on the people and the ruling families?
Answer 6: The Indian sepoys captured Delhi and forced Bahadur Shah Zafar to lead the rebels. The rebels stormed into the palace and proclaimed Bahadur Shah Zafar as their leader. The Mughals ruled over large areas headed by local chieftains. Since the British had captured most of these territories, these rulers thought that their power would be restored once the Mughal emperor regained control. Bahadur Shah wrote letters to all the local rulers to form a confederacy of Indian states to fight against the British. Once people saw an alternative possibility, they were inspired. It gave them the courage, hope and confidence to act.
Question 7: How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh?
Answer 7: During the revolt, the defeat of the British forces in a number of battles caused a number of uprisings against the British in various Indian states. A widespread popular rebellion developed in the region of Awadh in particular. The villages took to arms and the landlords led them. After the defeat of the rebel forces, the British had a two-pronged strategy to suppress the rebels and the rebellion.
On the one hand, they tried and hanged a number of rebel leaders who had challenged their authority and could do so again in the future. On the other hand, they tried their best to win back the loyalty of the people. They announced reward for loyal landowners.
They were assured that they would be allowed to continue to enjoy traditional rights over their lands. Those who had rebelled were told that if they submitted to the British, and if they had not killed any white people, they would remain safe and their rights and claims to land would not be denied.
Question 8: In what ways did the British change their policies as a result of the rebellion of 1857?
Answer 8: After the rebellion of 1857, the British made significant changes to their policies in India to prevent future uprisings and consolidate their control. Key changes included:
- End of the East India Company: The British Crown took direct control of India from the East India Company through the Government of India Act 1858. The Company’s rule was abolished.
- Policy of Non-Interference in Religion: The British adopted a more cautious approach toward Indian religious and social practices, avoiding actions that could provoke religious sentiments.
- Military Reorganization: The proportion of British soldiers to Indian sepoys in the army was increased. Key positions in the army were reserved for British officers, and recruitment policies were altered to favor “loyal” communities.
- Land and Administrative Reforms: The British introduced measures to address grievances of landlords and princes, ensuring their loyalty. They also reformed the administrative system to improve governance.
- Doctrine of Lapse Abolished: The controversial policy of annexing princely states was abandoned to win the support of Indian rulers.
- Cultural Sensitivity: The British became more cautious about imposing Western ideas and Christianity, aiming to avoid offending Indian traditions.
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Question 9: Find out stories and songs remembered by people in your area or your family about San Sattavan ki Ladaai. What memories do people cherish about the great uprising?
Answer 9: The memories of the 1857 uprising (San Sattavan ki Ladaai) are preserved in folk stories, songs, and oral traditions across India, particularly in regions like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jhansi, and Delhi. While specific local memories vary, here are common themes and examples of how people remember the rebellion:
1. Heroic Tales of Resistance:
- Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi is celebrated in ballads like “Khoob ladi mardani wo to Jhansi wali Rani thi” (She fought valiantly, the Queen of Jhansi). Her bravery and sacrifice are immortalized in folk songs and school textbooks.
- Kunwar Singh (Bihar) is remembered for leading rebel forces at age 80, with songs praising his defiance.
2. Folklore of Ordinary Heroes:
- Stories of villagers, farmers, and soldiers who joined the revolt, such as Mangal Pandey (Barrackpore), are retold as symbols of resistance against British oppression.
3. Symbolic Songs:
- Folk songs in Awadhi or Bhojpuri dialects often describe the revolt as a fight for “swaraj” (self-rule) and dignity. For example:
“अठारह सौ सत्तावन, लड़कर भई बलिदान…
अंग्रेजों की तोपें गरजीं, हमारा बलिदान निष्फल न जाए…”
Question 10: Find out more about Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi. In what ways would she have been an unusual woman for her times?
Answer 10: Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi (1828–1858) stands out as a remarkable figure in Indian history, not just because of her role in the 1857 Rebellion but also due to the many ways in which she defied the gender norms of her time. Here are several aspects that made her an unusual and trailblazing woman for the 19th century:
- Military Leadership: She led her troops into battle, a role rarely assumed by women in her era.
- Warrior Skills: Trained in riding, archery, and swordsmanship, she defied the typical expectations of women’s roles.
- Political Authority: As the Queen of Jhansi, she made crucial decisions to defend her kingdom against colonial forces.
- Symbol of Resistance: Her fierce opposition to British rule made her an enduring icon of patriotism and empowerment.
- Breaking Gender Norms: By actively engaging in warfare and leadership, she challenged the societal norms imposed on women of her time.