Geography Class 12 chapter 4 question answer Primary Activities

Class 12 Geography chapter 4 ncert solutions: Primary Activities class 12 questions and answers

Textbook	Ncert
Class	Class 12
Subject	Geography
Chapter	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	Primary Activities ncert solutions
Category	Ncert Solutions
Medium	English

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Question 1: Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below

Question 1.(i): Which one of the following is not a plantation crop?
(a) Coffee
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Wheat
(d) Rubber

Answer 1.(i): (c) Wheat

Question 1.(ii): In which one of the following countries co-operative farming was the most successful experiment?
(a) Russia
(b) Denmark
(c) India
(d) The Netherlands

Answer 1.(ii): (b) Denmark

Question 1.(iii): Growing of flowers is called:
(a) Truck farming
(b) Factory farming
(c) Mixed fanning
(d) Floriculture

Answer 1.(iii): (d) Floriculture

Question 1.(iv): Which one of the following types of cultivation was developed by European colonists?
(a) Kolkoz
(b) Viticulture
(c) Mixed farming
(d) Plantation

Answer 1.(iv): (d) Plantation

Question 1.(v): In which one of the following regions is extensive commercial grain cultivation not practised?
(a) American Canadian prairies
(b) European Steppes
(c) Pampas of Argentina
(d) Amazon Basin

Answer 1.(v): (d) Amazon Basin

Question 1.(vi): In which of the following types of agriculture is the farming of citrus fruit very important?
(a) Market gardening
(b) Plantation agriculture
(c) Mediterranean agriculture
(d) Co-operative farming

Answer 1.(vi): (c) Mediterranean agriculture

Question 1.(vii): Which one type of agriculture amongst the following is also called ‘slash and bum agriculture?
(a) Extensive subsistence farming
(b) Primitive subsistence farming
(c) Extensive commercial grain cultivation
(d) Mixed farming

Answer 1.(vii): (b) Primitive subsistence farming

Question 1.(viii): Which one of the following does not follow monoculture?
(a) Dairy farming
(b) Mixed farming
(c) Plantation agriculture
(d) Commercial grain farming

Answer 1.(viii): (b) Mixed farming

Question 2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

Question 2.(i): Future of shifting cultivation is bleak. Discuss.

Answer 2.(i): Future of shifting cultivation is bleak. The reasons are:

• One of the major problems of shifting cultivation is that the cycle of jhum becomes less and less due to loss of fertility in different parcels.
• There are several restrictions imposed by governments through forest acts etc., which hinder the free movement of tribes and practice of shifting cultivation.
• Shifting cultivation is sustainable in nature, hence it is unable to meet with the market demand and therefore there is no scope for it in the increasing globalised markets.
• With the infiltration of non tribals in the tribal areas, tribals are adopting to modem agricultural practices which are more productive and environmentally sustainable.
• To support a small population, a huge land resource base is required, ultimately it leads to soil erosion and land degradation.

Question 2.(ii): Market gardening is practised near urban areas. Why?

Answer 2.(ii): Market gardening specializes in the cultivation of high value perishable crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers, solely for the urban markets. They are situated close to urban markets mainly because of the high value crops.

The crops are costly, hence they need to be situated close to a market where people have high purchasing power and also demand for high valued crops. In such a situation urban areas are the perfect markets.

These crops are perishable in nature; hence farms cannot be situated far away from the main market. Therefore, farms are situated close to the urban markets so as to prevent crops from getting stale.

Question 2.(iii): Large scale dairy farming is the result of the development of transportation and refrigeration.

Answer 2.(iii): Good network of transport is essential for collecting and delivering the dairy products. Refrigerator ships have helped the export of dairy products from Australia to Europe.

Modern methods of refrigeration, cold storage, milking and preparing dairy products need technical and scientific knowledge.

Refrigeration, Pasturisation and other preservation processes have helped the storage of dairy products.

Question 3: Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

Question 3.(i): Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing

Answer 3.(i):

Nomadic Herding	Commercial Livestock Rearing
Nomadic herding is a primitive subsistence activity.	Commercial livestock rearing is more organised and capital intensive.
Herders move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending on the amount and quality of pastures and water.	Commercial livestock ranching is essentially associated with western cultures and is practised on permanent ranches.
Each nomadic community occupies a well-identified territory as a matter of tradition.	These ranches cover large areas and are divided into a number of parcels, which are fenced to regulate the grazing
Herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport.	Products such as meat, wool, hides and skin are processed and packed scientifically and exported to different world markets.
A wide variety of animals is kept in different regions.	The number of animals in a pasture is kept according to the carrying capacity of the pasture

Question 3.(ii): Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.

Answer 3.(ii): Characteristics of Plantation Agriculture:

1. Large-Scale Operations: Plantation agriculture is typically carried out on large estates, often spanning hundreds or thousands of hectares.
2. Monoculture: It involves the cultivation of a single crop on a large scale.
3. Capital-Intensive: This form of agriculture requires significant investment in infrastructure, machinery, and labor.
4. Export-Oriented: Most plantation crops are grown for export, contributing significantly to the economy of the producing countries.
5. Scientific Methods: Advanced farming techniques, including irrigation, fertilizers, and pest control, are commonly used.
6. Skilled Labor: Plantation agriculture often employs both skilled and unskilled labor for operations like harvesting, processing, and packaging.
7. Corporate Ownership: Large companies or corporations often manage plantations, although smallholder farmers may also contribute in certain regions.

Examples of Plantation Crops from Different Countries:

1. Tea: India, Sri Lanka, and Kenya.
2. Coffee: Brazil, Colombia, and Ethiopia.
3. Rubber: Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia.
4. Sugarcane: Cuba, India, and Brazil.
5. Oil Palm: Indonesia and Malaysia.
6. Cocoa: Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Nigeria.