Class 12 Geography chapter 5 ncert solutions: Secondary Activities class 12 questions and answers
| Textbook | Ncert |
| Class | Class 12 |
| Subject | Geography |
| Chapter | Chapter 5 |
| Chapter Name | Secondary Activities ncert solutions |
| Category | Ncert Solutions |
| Medium | English |
Are you looking for Geography Class 12 chapter 5 question answer? Now you can download Secondary Activities question answer pdf from here.
Question 1: Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below
Question 1.(i): Which one of the following statements is wrong?
(a) Cheap water transport has facilitated the jute mill industry along the Hugli.
(b) Sugar, cotton textiles and vegetable oils are footloose industries.
(c) The development of hydro-electricity and petroleum reduced, to a great extent, the importance of coal energy as a locational factor for industry.
(d) Port towns in India have attracted industries.
Answer 1.(i): (b) Sugar, cotton textiles and vegetable oils are footloose industries.
Question 1.(ii): In which one of the following types of economy are the factors of production owned individually?
(a) Capitalist
(b) Mixed
(c) Socialist
(d) None
Answer 1.(ii): (a) Capitalist
Question 1.(iii): Which one of the following types of industries produces raw materials for other industries?
(a) Cottage Industries
(b) Small-scale Industries
(c) Basic Industries
(d) Footloose Industries
Answer 1.(iii): (c) Basic Industries
Question 1.Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched ?
(a) Automobile industry … Los Angeles
(b) Shipbuilding industry … Lusaka
(c) Aircraft industry … Florence
Answer 1.(iv): (a) Automobile industry … Los Angeles
Question 2: Write a short note on the following in about 30 words.
Question 2.(i): High-Tech industry
Answer 2.(i): The high-tech industry involves businesses that utilize advanced technology to produce goods and services, often characterized by innovation, research, and development. Examples include industries focusing on electronics, information technology, biotechnology, and aerospace. These industries rely heavily on skilled labor, advanced infrastructure, and a robust research ecosystem. High-tech industries are typically located near universities, research institutions, or technology parks to leverage expertise and foster collaboration.
Question 2.(ii): Manufacturing
Answer 2.(ii): Manufacturing refers to the process of converting raw materials into finished goods using tools, machines, and labor. It is a key driver of economic growth, providing products ranging from basic necessities to complex machinery. Manufacturing industries can be categorized into heavy manufacturing (e.g., steel, automobiles) and light manufacturing (e.g., clothing, consumer electronics). The sector often relies on economies of scale and efficient supply chains to remain competitive.
Question 2.(iii): Footloose industries
Answer 2.(iii): Footloose industries are those that are not bound by specific location requirements and can operate flexibly in various areas. Unlike traditional industries that depend on proximity to raw materials or markets, footloose industries prioritize factors such as skilled labor, good infrastructure, and favorable regulations. Examples include IT services, diamond cutting, and electronic component assembly. Their mobility allows them to adapt to global economic trends and relocate based on cost advantages or market accessibility.
Question 3: Answer the following in not more than 150 words.
Question 3.(i): Differentiate between primary and secondary activities.
Answer 3.(i):
| Primary Activities | Secondary Activities |
| (i) those activities, which depend directly on nature for extraction of resources. | (i) They convert raw material obtained from primary activities into finished goods of higher value. |
| (ii) It includes activities like agriculture, mining, fishing, etc. | (ii)It concerned with manufacturing, processing and construction (infrastructure) industries. |
| (iii) They are pre-dominant in under developed/developing countries. | (iii) They are dominant in developed countries. |
| (iv) They earn low value and some need to be processed by secondary activities for sale in market. | (iv) produce goods of higher value. They are dependent on primary activities for procurement of raw material. |
| (v) As economies develop, the share of primary activities decline. | (v) As economies develop, the share of secondary activities increase. |
| (vi) They form the basis of village economies | (vi) Secondary activities along with tertiary, quaternary and quinary activities form the basis of urban centers. |
Question 3.(ii): Discuss the major trends of modern industrial activities especially in the developed countries of the world.
Answer 3.(ii): The following changing trends are observed in industrial development of developed countries.
- High tech Industries are developing, but low tech and labour intensive industries are shifting to developing countries.
- Large factories are giving way to smaller units.
- Rapid changes in design and production are taking place.
- Mass production and manufacture of highly standardised products is taking place.
- Locational factors are losing their importance.
- Waste avoidance, recycling, and alternatives are contributing a lot.
Question 3.(iii): Explain why high-tech industries in many countries are being attracted to the peripheral areas of major metropolitan centres.
Answer 3.(iii): High-tech industries are the latest generation of manufacturing activities and best understood as the application of intensive research and development efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.
Neat and low spaced, modern, dispersed, office-plant-lab buildings rather than massive assembly structures, factories and storage areas mark the high-tech industrial landscape. Planned business parks for high-tech start-ups have become part of regional and local development schemes. High-tech industries are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly specialized.
The Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle are such examples where manufacturing contributes significantly to the world economy. Robotics on the assembly line, computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing, electronic controls of smelting and refining processes, constant development of new chemical, etc. are a few other notable examples.
Question 3.(iv): Africa has immense natural resources and yet it is industrially the most backward continent. Comment.
Answer 3.(iv): The continent of Africa is very rich in natural resources such as crude oil, copper, coal, manganese but they are still backward because:
- Colonial Exploitation: African countries remained under foreign rules who exploited the natural resources for their own benefits rather than developing industries and infrastructure.
- Lack of Human Resources: The continent lack good institutions and thus the people are not well educated and skilled. The utilization of natural resources demands human resources.
- Civil Wars: The civil wars in the countries of Africa are frequent. There is mass scale corruption in the governments of the African countries which hinder the growth of countries.
- Lack of technological development: The countries of Africa are technologically very poor. The exploration and extraction of natural resources could not be possible without technology.