Ncert Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 1: Structural Change questions and answers
| Textbook | Ncert |
| Class | Class 12 |
| Subject | Sociology |
| Chapter | Chapter 1 |
| Chapter Name | Structural Change ncert solutions |
| Category | Ncert Solutions |
| Medium | English |
Are you looking for Sociology Class 12 chapter 1 questions and answers? Now you can download Structural Change questions and answers pdf from here.
Question 1: How has colonialism impacted our lives? You can either focus on one aspect, like culture or politics, or treat them together.
Answer 1: British colonialism which was based on capitalism directly interfered to ensure greatest profit and benefit to British capitalism.
Every policy was geared towards the strengthening and expansion of British capitalism.
It changed the law of land as:-
- It changed not just land ownership laws but decided even what crops would be grown and what ought not to be.
- It altered the way production and distribution of goods take place.
- It started interfering with the manufacturing sector.
- It started occupying forests and cleared trees and started plantation.
- Colonialism introduced the forest acts that changed the lives of tribals/ pastoralists.
- It also led to movements of people from one part to another in India which ultimately lead to the growth of nationalist and anti colonial awareness in the Indian masses.
The colonialism affected our lives culturally, politically and more or less combining the two. Due to mobility and exposure to modem western thoughts people started thinking about freedom, liberty and human rights which provided basis for India freedom movement. Colonialism also had significant social influences e.g. Indian society particularly the emerging middle class was gradually changed i.e. their life style, eating habits, languages and clothing.
Political impact of colonialism on Indian society was significant our national movement, the political system, the parliamentry and legal system, constitution, education system, the police traffic rules by and large the whole political structure changed due to the colonial impact.
Question 2: Industrialisation and urbanisation are linked processes. Discuss.
Answer 2: Industrialization and urbanisation are linked processes because industrialization can lead to urbanisation in a number of ways.
Here’s how they are interconnected:
(i) Industrialization Driving Urbanization: Industrialisation creates job opportunities. People migrate to industrial hubs to get these jobs.
(ii) Urbanisation Facilitating Industrialization: Cities provide a concentrated market for industrial goods and services, facilitating the growth and expansion of industries.
(iii) Spatial Integration and Specialization: Concentration of industries in urban centres allows for economies of scale in production, distribution, and innovation, enhancing industrial productivity and competitiveness.
(iv) Social and Cultural Transformations: Social and cultural transformation refers to the profound and dynamic changes in the norms, values, beliefs, and practices of societies over time.
(v) Environmental and Infrastructure Challenges: Major current environmental issues may include climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, and resource depletion.
(vi) Policy and Planning Implications: Government policies play a critical role in promoting industrial growth, regulating urban development, and mitigating negative impacts through environmental regulations and social policies.
Question 3: Identify any town or city with which you are familiar. Find out both the history of its growth and its contemporary status.
Answer 3: Suppose we take the city Mumbai (Bombay) for the comparison process.
History of Growth
Mumbai, originally a cluster of seven islands, has a rich history:
- Early History:
- The islands were originally under the control of various indigenous tribes before becoming part of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE.
- Over centuries, it was ruled by the Silhara dynasty, the Gujarat Sultanate, and later, Portuguese settlers in the 16th century.
- Colonial Era:
- In 1661, the islands were given as part of Catherine of Braganza’s dowry to Charles II of England. The British East India Company leased the islands in 1668, marking the start of its transformation.
- By the 18th century, land reclamation projects joined the islands, creating a single landmass.
- Economic and Industrial Growth:
- During British rule, Mumbai (then Bombay) became a major trading port due to its strategic location on the Arabian Sea.
- The establishment of the cotton textile industry in the 19th century further boosted its economy.
- Infrastructure development, like the construction of the railways in the 1850s, connected it to other parts of India.
- Post-Independence (1947):
- Mumbai retained its importance as India’s financial and commercial hub.
- The city saw significant urbanization, attracting people from across India for job opportunities.
Contemporary Status
Today, Mumbai is India’s largest city and its financial capital.
- Economic Hub:
- It is home to the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the Reserve Bank of India.
- The city hosts the headquarters of numerous multinational corporations and Indian conglomerates.
- Key industries include finance, entertainment (Bollywood), and technology.
- Cultural Diversity:
- Mumbai is known for its cosmopolitan culture, with people from diverse linguistic, religious, and cultural backgrounds.
- Urban Challenges:
- Despite its economic prominence, Mumbai faces challenges like overcrowding, traffic congestion, pollution, and a significant population living in slums.
- Landmarks and Infrastructure:
- Iconic landmarks include the Gateway of India, Marine Drive, and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus.
- Recent infrastructure projects, like the Bandra-Worli Sea Link and the Mumbai Metro, aim to alleviate urban issues.
- Resilience and Spirit:
- Mumbai is celebrated for its resilience, evident in how it recovers from natural calamities or terror attacks.
Question 4: You may be living in a very small town, may be in a very big city, a semi-urban settlement or a village.
- Describe the place where you live.
- What are the features, which make you think it is a town and not a city, a village and not a town, or a city and not a village?
- Is there any factory where you live?
- Is agriculture the main job that people do?
- Is it the occupational nature that has a determining influence?
- Is it the buildings?
- Is it the availability of educational opportunities?
- Is it the way people live and behave?
- Is it the way people talk and dress?
Answer 4: 1. I live in Ghaziabad, Delhi NCR.
2. It is a city. The features that make it so are :-
- It has large number of population
- It has a population composed of people from various cultural backgrounds
- The residents have a broad mind set
- It is well connected with transport system
- It is all the modernised facilities in terms of Medical and education
3. There are large no. of industries in Ghaziabad.
4. No, agriculture is not the main job here.
5. All of the above mentioned things influence the city.